3.1環模孔結構參數分析與優化
環(huan)模(mo)顆(ke)粒(li)機(ji)環(huan)模(mo)孔(kong)塑(su)性(xing)變(bian)形(xing)是(shi)製(zhi)粒(li)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)常(chang)見(jian)，多(duo)發(fa)的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)之(zhi)一(yi)，也(ye)是(shi)影(ying)響(xiang)製(zhi)粒(li)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)因(yin)素(su)。由(you)於(yu)塑(su)性(xing)變(bian)形(xing)發(fa)生(sheng)初(chu)期(qi)跡(ji)象(xiang)並(bing)不(bu)十(shi)分(fen)明(ming)顯(xian)，環(huan)模(mo)內(nei)表(biao)麵(mian)上(shang)也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)肉(rou)眼(yan)可(ke)見(jian)的(de)變(bian)化(hua)，因(yin)此(ci)往(wang)往(wang)易(yi)被(bei)操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)忽(hu)略(lve)。比(bi)起(qi)那(na)些(xie)較(jiao)容(rong)易(yi)被(bei)發(fa)現(xian)的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)，如(ru)模(mo)孔(kong)堵(du)塞(sai)、劃(hua)痕(hen)和(he)點(dian)蝕(shi)等(deng)來(lai)說(shuo)，具(ju)有(you)更(geng)大(da)的(de)隱(yin)蔽(bi)性(xing)和(he)危(wei)險(xian)性(xing)。有(you)必(bi)要(yao)對(dui)環(huan)模(mo)孔(kong)的(de)受(shou)力(li)情(qing)況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析(xi)，從(cong)而(er)能(neng)更(geng)有(you)效(xiao)地(di)降(jiang)低(di)環(huan)模(mo)孔(kong)塑(su)性(xing)變(bian)形(xing)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)危(wei)害(hai)，延(yan)長(chang)環(huan)模(mo)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。
3.1.1環模孔產生塑性變形的原因分析
由you機ji械xie零ling件jian失shi效xiao形xing式shi可ke知zhi，塑su性xing變bian形xing是shi指zhi不bu同tong材cai料liao在zai載zai荷he或huo者zhe摩mo擦ca力li較jiao大da的de情qing況kuang下xia，材cai料liao表biao麵mian相xiang互hu接jie觸chu，其qi中zhong接jie觸chu麵mian材cai料liao表biao麵mian沿yan摩mo擦ca力li作zuo用yong方fang向xiang產chan生sheng過guo大da接jie觸chu應ying力li並bing發fa生sheng不bu可ke恢hui複fu的de永yong久jiu變bian形xing。可ke以yi通tong過guo對dui環huan模mo和he壓ya輥gun的de受shou力li狀zhuang況kuang分fen析xi，獲huo得de環huan模mo孔kong塑su性xing變bian形xing產chan生sheng的de原yuan因yin和he主zhu要yao的de影ying響xiang因yin素su。下xia麵mian取qu環huan模mo和he壓ya輥gun工gong作zuo部bu分fen作zuo為wei分fen析xi對dui象xiang。
根gen據ju前qian麵mian的de分fen析xi知zhi道dao，環huan模mo受shou到dao壓ya輥gun對dui它ta的de擠ji壓ya力li，物wu料liao對dui它ta的de摩mo擦ca力li，電dian機ji對dui它ta的de驅qu動dong力li矩ju以yi及ji壓ya輥gun在zai環huan模mo通tong過guo物wu料liao傳chuan遞di的de驅qu動dong力li作zuo用yong下xia自zi轉zhuan。受shou力li分fen析xi圖tu見jian圖tu2.11。youyudianjiduihuanmodequdonglijushidingzhi，huanmobanjingyebuhuibianhua，yincihuanmochuandideyuanzhoulibubian。eryagunduihuanmodezhengyalishiyouyagunduihuanmodeyajinchengdujuedingde，qujueyuhuanmoheyagunzhijianjianxidaxiao。mocalidaxiaoweiyagunhehuanmojiechuquneidezhengyaliyumocaxishudechengji。mocaliduizhiliguochengyouzhezhongyaoyingxiang。
影(ying)響(xiang)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)大(da)小(xiao)的(de)因(yin)素(su)之(zhi)一(yi)為(wei)壓(ya)輥(gun)對(dui)環(huan)模(mo)的(de)正(zheng)壓(ya)力(li)，正(zheng)壓(ya)力(li)是(shi)由(you)壓(ya)輥(gun)和(he)環(huan)模(mo)之(zhi)間(jian)間(jian)隙(xi)和(he)物(wu)料(liao)對(dui)環(huan)模(mo)擠(ji)壓(ya)力(li)綜(zong)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)，壓(ya)輥(gun)和(he)環(huan)模(mo)裝(zhuang)配(pei)好(hao)之(zhi)後(hou)會(hui)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)大(da)小(xiao)的(de)張(zhang)緊(jin)力(li)，而(er)張(zhang)緊(jin)力(li)與(yu)模(mo)輥(gun)間(jian)隙(xi)之(zhi)間(jian)存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)關(guan)係(xi)。當(dang)模(mo)輥(gun)間(jian)隙(xi)、wuliaozhongleiheweiliaoliangyidingdeqingkuangxia，zhangjinlidedaxiaoshiyidingde。zhangjinliyuyagunduihuanmodezhengyalizhijiancunzaiyigegudingdebizhi，jigangganbi。danghuanmoheyagundejiegoucanshuyidingshi，gangganbiweiyigechangliang。yincifenximocalikeyizhuanyidaofenxihuanmoyuyagunzhijianzhangjinlidedaxiao。yejiushishuomocalidedaxiaoqujueyuyagunduihuanmodezhangjinchengdu，bingsuizhezhangjinlidezengdaerzengda。zhangjinlizaihuanmokongsuxingbianxingguochengzhongqizhezhuyaozuoyong。youcikejian，huanmokelijikeyitongguotiaozhengmogunjianxigaibianhuanmoheyagundezhangjinchengdu，tongshiyehuiyingxiangdaomocali。
從cong以yi上shang分fen析xi可ke以yi看kan出chu，環huan模mo孔kong產chan生sheng塑su性xing變bian形xing是shi由you於yu壓ya輥gun調tiao整zheng時shi張zhang緊jin力li過guo大da導dao致zhi壓ya輥gun與yu環huan模mo間jian接jie觸chu過guo緊jin。在zai低di速su重zhong載zai的de工gong作zuo條tiao件jian下xia造zao成cheng過guo大da的de載zai荷he和he磨mo擦ca力li，又you因yin為wei環huan模mo為wei多duo孔kong、薄壁、環huan形xing結jie構gou，在zai一yi定ding程cheng度du上shang降jiang低di了le環huan模mo自zi身shen的de機ji械xie強qiang度du。最zui終zhong會hui導dao致zhi製zhi粒li過guo程cheng中zhong環huan模mo內nei壁bi表biao層ceng材cai料liao沿yan摩mo擦ca力li方fang向xiang產chan生sheng塑su性xing變bian形xing，環huan模mo孔kong進jin料liao口kou產chan生sheng嵌qian入ru孔kong中zhong的de凸tu棱leng，縮suo小xiao環huan模mo孔kong進jin料liao口kou的de大da小xiao，影ying響xiang製zhi粒li過guo程cheng。
環(huan)模(mo)顆(ke)粒(li)機(ji)環(huan)模(mo)孔(kong)塑(su)性(xing)變(bian)形(xing)是(shi)製(zhi)粒(li)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)常(chang)見(jian)，多(duo)發(fa)的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)之(zhi)一(yi)，也(ye)是(shi)影(ying)響(xiang)製(zhi)粒(li)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)因(yin)素(su)。由(you)於(yu)塑(su)性(xing)變(bian)形(xing)發(fa)生(sheng)初(chu)期(qi)跡(ji)象(xiang)並(bing)不(bu)十(shi)分(fen)明(ming)顯(xian)，環(huan)模(mo)內(nei)表(biao)麵(mian)上(shang)也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)肉(rou)眼(yan)可(ke)見(jian)的(de)變(bian)化(hua)，因(yin)此(ci)往(wang)往(wang)易(yi)被(bei)操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)忽(hu)略(lve)。比(bi)起(qi)那(na)些(xie)較(jiao)容(rong)易(yi)被(bei)發(fa)現(xian)的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)，如(ru)模(mo)孔(kong)堵(du)塞(sai)、劃(hua)痕(hen)和(he)點(dian)蝕(shi)等(deng)來(lai)說(shuo)，具(ju)有(you)更(geng)大(da)的(de)隱(yin)蔽(bi)性(xing)和(he)危(wei)險(xian)性(xing)。有(you)必(bi)要(yao)對(dui)環(huan)模(mo)孔(kong)的(de)受(shou)力(li)情(qing)況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析(xi)，從(cong)而(er)能(neng)更(geng)有(you)效(xiao)地(di)降(jiang)低(di)環(huan)模(mo)孔(kong)塑(su)性(xing)變(bian)形(xing)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)危(wei)害(hai)，延(yan)長(chang)環(huan)模(mo)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。
3.1.1環模孔產生塑性變形的原因分析由you機ji械xie零ling件jian失shi效xiao形xing式shi可ke知zhi，塑su性xing變bian形xing是shi指zhi不bu同tong材cai料liao在zai載zai荷he或huo者zhe摩mo擦ca力li較jiao大da的de情qing況kuang下xia，材cai料liao表biao麵mian相xiang互hu接jie觸chu，其qi中zhong接jie觸chu麵mian材cai料liao表biao麵mian沿yan摩mo擦ca力li作zuo用yong方fang向xiang產chan生sheng過guo大da接jie觸chu應ying力li並bing發fa生sheng不bu可ke恢hui複fu的de永yong久jiu變bian形xing。可ke以yi通tong過guo對dui環huan模mo和he壓ya輥gun的de受shou力li狀zhuang況kuang分fen析xi，獲huo得de環huan模mo孔kong塑su性xing變bian形xing產chan生sheng的de原yuan因yin和he主zhu要yao的de影ying響xiang因yin素su。下xia麵mian取qu環huan模mo和he壓ya輥gun工gong作zuo部bu分fen作zuo為wei分fen析xi對dui象xiang。
根gen據ju前qian麵mian的de分fen析xi知zhi道dao，環huan模mo受shou到dao壓ya輥gun對dui它ta的de擠ji壓ya力li，物wu料liao對dui它ta的de摩mo擦ca力li，電dian機ji對dui它ta的de驅qu動dong力li矩ju以yi及ji壓ya輥gun在zai環huan模mo通tong過guo物wu料liao傳chuan遞di的de驅qu動dong力li作zuo用yong下xia自zi轉zhuan。受shou力li分fen析xi圖tu見jian圖tu2.11。youyudianjiduihuanmodequdonglijushidingzhi，huanmobanjingyebuhuibianhua，yincihuanmochuandideyuanzhoulibubian。eryagunduihuanmodezhengyalishiyouyagunduihuanmodeyajinchengdujuedingde，qujueyuhuanmoheyagunzhijianjianxidaxiao。mocalidaxiaoweiyagunhehuanmojiechuquneidezhengyaliyumocaxishudechengji。mocaliduizhiliguochengyouzhezhongyaoyingxiang。
影(ying)響(xiang)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)大(da)小(xiao)的(de)因(yin)素(su)之(zhi)一(yi)為(wei)壓(ya)輥(gun)對(dui)環(huan)模(mo)的(de)正(zheng)壓(ya)力(li)，正(zheng)壓(ya)力(li)是(shi)由(you)壓(ya)輥(gun)和(he)環(huan)模(mo)之(zhi)間(jian)間(jian)隙(xi)和(he)物(wu)料(liao)對(dui)環(huan)模(mo)擠(ji)壓(ya)力(li)綜(zong)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)，壓(ya)輥(gun)和(he)環(huan)模(mo)裝(zhuang)配(pei)好(hao)之(zhi)後(hou)會(hui)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)大(da)小(xiao)的(de)張(zhang)緊(jin)力(li)，而(er)張(zhang)緊(jin)力(li)與(yu)模(mo)輥(gun)間(jian)隙(xi)之(zhi)間(jian)存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)關(guan)係(xi)。當(dang)模(mo)輥(gun)間(jian)隙(xi)、wuliaozhongleiheweiliaoliangyidingdeqingkuangxia，zhangjinlidedaxiaoshiyidingde。zhangjinliyuyagunduihuanmodezhengyalizhijiancunzaiyigegudingdebizhi，jigangganbi。danghuanmoheyagundejiegoucanshuyidingshi，gangganbiweiyigechangliang。yincifenximocalikeyizhuanyidaofenxihuanmoyuyagunzhijianzhangjinlidedaxiao。yejiushishuomocalidedaxiaoqujueyuyagunduihuanmodezhangjinchengdu，bingsuizhezhangjinlidezengdaerzengda。zhangjinlizaihuanmokongsuxingbianxingguochengzhongqizhezhuyaozuoyong。youcikejian，huanmokelijikeyitongguotiaozhengmogunjianxigaibianhuanmoheyagundezhangjinchengdu，tongshiyehuiyingxiangdaomocali。從cong以yi上shang分fen析xi可ke以yi看kan出chu，環huan模mo孔kong產chan生sheng塑su性xing變bian形xing是shi由you於yu壓ya輥gun調tiao整zheng時shi張zhang緊jin力li過guo大da導dao致zhi壓ya輥gun與yu環huan模mo間jian接jie觸chu過guo緊jin。在zai低di速su重zhong載zai的de工gong作zuo條tiao件jian下xia造zao成cheng過guo大da的de載zai荷he和he磨mo擦ca力li，又you因yin為wei環huan模mo為wei多duo孔kong、薄壁、環huan形xing結jie構gou，在zai一yi定ding程cheng度du上shang降jiang低di了le環huan模mo自zi身shen的de機ji械xie強qiang度du。最zui終zhong會hui導dao致zhi製zhi粒li過guo程cheng中zhong環huan模mo內nei壁bi表biao層ceng材cai料liao沿yan摩mo擦ca力li方fang向xiang產chan生sheng塑su性xing變bian形xing，環huan模mo孔kong進jin料liao口kou產chan生sheng嵌qian入ru孔kong中zhong的de凸tu棱leng，縮suo小xiao環huan模mo孔kong進jin料liao口kou的de大da小xiao，影ying響xiang製zhi粒li過guo程cheng。
